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Top 50 Excel Interview Questions & Answers for 2025

Mastering Excel is a crucial skill for success in data analytics, business analytics, financial modeling, and a wide range of professional roles. Whether you're gearing up for a job interview or looking to enhance your Excel expertise, this comprehensive guide to the top 50 Excel interview questions and answers is your go-to resource. Designed to boost your confidence and proficiency, this guide covers everything from basic functions to advanced features, ensuring you stand out in any interview.


Prepare effectively by studying these questions and answers, as they are tailored to help you excel and secure your dream role. Dive in and transform your Excel skills to achieve interview success!


Microsoft Excel


Q1. What do you mean by Relative cell referencing and Absolute cell referencing in Excel?

Relative cell referencing changes dynamically when formulas are copied to another cell.

Absolute cell referencing, denoted with dollar signs (e.g., $A$1), remains constant regardless of where the formula is copied.


Q2. How is a Formula different from a Function in Excel?

A formula is a user-defined calculation created by combining operators, cell references, and constants. For example, =A1+B1*2 is a formula.

A function is a built-in operation designed to simplify common tasks, such as SUM(A1:A10) for summing.


Q3. What is the order of operations used in Excel while evaluating formulas?

Excel adheres to the PEMDAS (or BODMAS) rule:

  1. Parentheses

  2. Exponents

  3. Multiplication and Division (left to right)

  4. Addition and Subtraction (left to right)


Q4. What is the difference between COUNT and COUNTA?

Feature

COUNT

COUNTA

Purpose

Counts cells containing numeric data only.

Counts all non-empty cells, including text, numbers, and other values.

Data Counted

Numeric data (e.g., integers, decimals).

Any data, including numbers, text, dates, logical values, and formulas returning non-empty results.

Formula Example

=COUNT(A1:A10) counts only numbers.

=COUNTA(A1:A10) counts all non-empty cells.

Use Case

Use when counting only numbers is required.

Use when counting all non-empty cells, regardless of the type of data, is needed.


Q5. What is the difference between LOOKUP and VLOOKUP?

Feature

LOOKUP

VLOOKUP

Search Direction

Searches either horizontally or vertically in a single row or column.

Always searches vertically in the first column of a table.

Table Layout

Can work with arrays that are not in a tabular format.

Requires data to be organized in a tabular format with a clear column structure.

Syntax

=LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, [result_vector])

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Flexibility

Allows more flexibility in the search range (row or column).

Limited to searching vertically and retrieving values from specific columns.

Result Range

Can specify a separate range for the result (result_vector).

Result is always pulled from a column relative to the lookup column in the same table.


Q6. Which functions can search from the left of a table instead of VLOOKUP?

The INDEX-MATCH combination or XLOOKUP function can search leftwards, providing flexibility that VLOOKUP lacks.


Q7. What is the difference between SUM and SUMIFS functions?

Aspect

SUM

SUMIFS

Purpose

Adds all numeric values in a specified range.

Adds numeric values that meet one or more specific criteria.

Criteria Support

Does not support criteria-based summation.

Supports summation based on multiple criteria.

Syntax

=SUM(range)

=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)

Use Case

Basic addition of numbers.

Conditional summation, such as summing values that match specific conditions.

Example

=SUM(A1:A10) sums all numbers in A1:A10.

=SUMIFS(A1:A10, B1:B10, ">50") sums values in A1:A10 where B1:B10 is greater than 50.


Q8. What is a Macro in Excel?

A macro is a set of instructions that automate repetitive tasks in Excel. Macros are recorded in VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) and are essential for tasks like formatting, data manipulation, and generating reports.


Q9. Which feature allows creating a drop-down list in Excel?

The Data Validation feature under the Data tab enables users to create drop-down lists. Specify a list of valid entries to restrict inputs and enhance accuracy.


Q10. What is the difference between a Pivot Table and Power Pivot?

Pivot Table is an interactive tool for summarizing and analyzing data.

Power Pivot extends this functionality, allowing you to handle large datasets, build complex relationships, and create advanced data models.


Q11. What is VLOOKUP, and how is it used?

VLOOKUP searches for a value in the first column of a table and retrieves data from a specified column. Syntax:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]).

Example: Search for an employee ID and retrieve their salary from a database.


Q12. What is the work of the IF function?

The IF function performs logical comparisons.

Syntax:=IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false).

Example: =IF(A1>50, "Pass", "Fail") returns "Pass" if A1 is greater than 50.


Q13. Can you find duplicate values in a column using the COUNTIF function?

Yes. Use =COUNTIF(A:A, A1)>1 to identify duplicates in column A. A TRUE result indicates duplication.


Q14. How do you remove duplicated rows in Excel?

Use the Remove Duplicates option under the Data tab. Select the columns to check for duplicates.


Q15. How do you join two texts into one cell?

& - Use =A1 & " " & B1 to concatenate with a space.

TEXTJOIN  - Use  the TEXTJOIN function to join multiple strings with a delimiter


Q16. What is the XLOOKUP function?

XLOOKUP searches in any direction (left, right, up, or down) and provides exact matches by default. It replaces limitations of VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP.


Q17. What is AutoFill, and how do you use it?

AutoFill detects patterns in data and extends them. For example, dragging 1, 2 across cells creates 3, 4, 5.


Q18. What is the difference between FIND and SEARCH functions?

Aspect

FIND

SEARCH

Case Sensitivity

Case-sensitive – FIND will only find the exact match of uppercase and lowercase letters.

Not case-sensitive – SEARCH ignores the case of letters (e.g., "apple" and "APPLE" are considered the same).

Wildcard Characters

Does not support wildcards – Cannot use characters like * or ?.

Supports wildcards – You can use * (any number of characters) and ? (a single character).

Syntax

=FIND(find_text, within_text, [start_num])

=SEARCH(find_text, within_text, [start_num])

Use Case

Typically used when exact matching is required.

Useful when you want to find text without worrying about case sensitivity.

Example

=FIND("apple", "Apple Pie") will return an error because of the case difference.

=SEARCH("apple", "Apple Pie") will return 1, as it is case-insensitive.


Q19. What is Data Validation?

Data Validation restricts input to predefined criteria, such as allowing only dates or numbers between 1 and 100.


Q20. How to calculate age if DOB is given in Excel?

Use =DATEDIF(DOB, TODAY(), "Y"). This calculates the difference in years between the date of birth and today.


Q21. What is a slicer in Excel?

A slicer is a visual tool that filters data in PivotTables. It simplifies filtering large datasets interactively.


Q22. What is the difference between a slicer and a filter?

A filter is a dropdown menu for narrowing data, while a slicer offers a clickable visual representation.


Q23. How will you handle an error like dividing a number by 0?

To prevent or handle errors such as division by zero, use the IFERROR function.


Q24. What is the difference between a worksheet and a workbook?

A worksheet is a single tab or page in an Excel file containing cells organized in rows and columns.

A workbook is the entire Excel file that holds one or more worksheets.


Q25. What is What-If Analysis?

What-If Analysis is a powerful tool for forecasting and scenario testing. It includes features like:

Goal Seek – Finds the required input to achieve a specific outcome.

Data Tables – Displays how changing inputs affects outputs.

Scenario Manager – Compares multiple scenarios simultaneously.


Q26. Which shortcut is used to navigate to the end of the worksheet or a table?

Press Ctrl+End to navigate to the last cell with data or formatting in the worksheet.

Use Ctrl+Arrow keys to quickly move to the edge of a table.


Q27. What is a cell address, and how do you read it?

A cell address refers to the location of a cell in a worksheet. It combines the column letter and row number, such as A1, where A represents the column and 1 the row.


Q28. What is Conditional Formatting?

Conditional Formatting dynamically changes the appearance of cells based on criteria.

For example, you can highlight cells with values greater than 100 in green or apply a red color to negative numbers.


Q29. Write a formula that checks if a value in cell B1 is greater than 50. If true, return "Pass," otherwise "Fail."

The formula is:

=IF(B1>50, "Pass", "Fail").

This logical function evaluates the condition and returns results based on the outcome.


Q30. What is Freeze Panes in Excel, and what is its use?

Freeze Panes locks specific rows or columns in place, enabling users to scroll through data without losing visibility of headers or important details.


Q31. How to create a Pivot Table in Excel?

  1. Select your data.

  2. Go to Insert > PivotTable.

  3. Choose the layout by dragging fields into Rows, Columns, and Values.

  4. Pivot Tables summarize and analyze large datasets effectively.


Q32. What is the purpose of the INDEX-MATCH function?

INDEX-MATCH is a flexible alternative to VLOOKUP, enabling searches in any direction. Syntax: =INDEX(range, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, match_type)).

It’s faster and avoids the limitations of VLOOKUP.


Q33. How do you transpose data in Excel?

Use the Paste Special > Transpose option to switch rows to columns or columns to rows. Alternatively, or you can use the TRANSPOSE function: =TRANSPOSE(A1:A5).


Q34. How do you find and replace data in a large Excel sheet?

Press Ctrl+H to open the Find and Replace dialog. Enter the text to find and the replacement value. This is efficient for making bulk edits.


Q35. What is the difference between a function and a subroutine in VBA?

Aspect

FUNCTION

SUBROUTINE

Return Value

Returns a value – A function must return a value to the calling code.

Does not return a value – A subroutine does not return any value.

Syntax

Function FunctionName(arguments) As DataType

Sub SubroutineName(arguments)

Usage

Used when you need to perform a calculation or return a result to the calling code.

Used to perform actions like changing cell values, formatting, etc.

Call Method

Can be called within expressions or other functions/subroutines (e.g., =FunctionName() in a cell).

Called with a simple Call SubroutineName or directly without Call.

Example

Function AddNumbers(x As Double, y As Double) As Double


 AddNumbers = x + y

Sub GreetUser()


 MsgBox "Hello!"

Return Statement

Must include a Return statement to return a value.

Does not need a return statement.

Execution

When called, the function executes and returns a value to where it was invoked.

Executes a series of commands but does not provide any value back.


Q36. What is the difference between CONCATENATE and TEXTJOIN functions?

CONCATENATE joins text strings but doesn’t use delimiters.

Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, B1).

TEXTJOIN allows specifying a delimiter and ignoring blank cells.

Example: =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1:A5).


Q37. What is the ROUND function?

The ROUND function adjusts numbers to a specified number of decimal places.

Example: =ROUND(123.456, 2) results in 123.46.


Q38. How can you get the data from another worksheet?

Reference the sheet name followed by an exclamation mark and the cell address.

Example: =Sheet2!A1 retrieves data from cell A1 in Sheet2.


Q39. Explain the difference between 'filter' and 'sort' in Excel.

Filter hides rows that don’t meet criteria, allowing you to focus on specific data.

Sort arranges data in ascending or descending order based on selected columns.


Q40. How do you convert text to columns in Excel?

Use the Text to Columns feature under the Data tab to split text into multiple columns based on delimiters, such as commas or spaces.


Q41. What is a data type in Excel?

A data type in Excel defines the kind of data a cell can hold or process. Excel supports data types like and more:

  • Text (e.g., names).

  • Numbers (e.g., sales figures).

  • Dates (e.g., 12/05/2024).

  • Boolean (e.g., TRUE or FALSE).


Q42. Why do dates sometimes show as numbers, and how to fix it?

Dates are stored as serial numbers in Excel. If displayed as numbers, apply the Date format under Format Cells to display them correctly.


Q43. What is the AND function in Excel?

The AND function checks multiple conditions and returns TRUE if all are met, otherwise FALSE.

Example: =AND(A1>10, B1<20).


Q44. How will you find unique values in a column in Excel?

Use Remove Duplicates under the Data tab to eliminate duplicates. Alternatively, use the UNIQUE function.

Example: =UNIQUE(A1:A10).


Q45. What does the FILTER function do in Excel?

The FILTER function extracts rows matching specified criteria.

Example: =FILTER(A1:B10, A1:A10>50) filters rows where values in column A are greater than 50.


Q46. How to use Advanced Filter in Excel?

Go to the Data tab, select Advanced Filter, and specify criteria for filtering data in place or copying results to another location.


Q47. How can you use the Data Analysis Toolpak in Excel?

The Data Analysis Toolpak provides advanced statistical tools like regression, histograms, and ANOVA. Enable it under Add-Ins in the Options menu.


Q48. What is the difference in data in a sheet and a table?

A sheet is a raw collection of rows and columns.

A table includes structured references, dynamic ranges, and built-in sorting/filtering capabilities.


Q49. What are the advantages of defining a table in Excel?

Tables offer:

  • Automatic expansion for added rows/columns.

  • Structured references in formulas.

  • Easier sorting and filtering.


Q50. What is Flash Fill in Excel?

Flash Fill automates data entry by recognizing patterns.

Example: If splitting names, type the desired output for one cell, and Flash Fill completes the rest.

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